February 17, 2011 #3

Today in class, we reviewed atoms and subatomic particles again.

We reviewed that:

• atoms are made of smaller particles.
• those particles are called subatomic particles.
• there are three different types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons

We also did a PhET Simulation called Build an Atom and used it to answer six questions. The Build an Atom simulation was a simulation where we added and took away different subatomic particles to determine what element the atom was, whether it was an ion, what the atomic mass was, whether it was unstable or stable, what charge it was, and how it looked on the periodic table.

These were the questions that we needed to answer:

+ What do these particles do? (charges)

The protons and electrons determine the charge of the atom. If there are more protons than electrons in an atom, the charge is positive. If there are more electrons than protons, the charge is negative. If there is the same amount of protons and electrons, the charge is neutral.

+What controls an element's identity?

The number of protons determine the element's identity.

+What controls the atomic mass of an atom?

The mass of the protons and neutrons determine the atomic mass of the atoms.

+What is an Ion? An Isotope?

An ion is a negatively or positively charged atom. An isotope is an atom with an irregular number of neutrons.

+What does all of the numbers and letters refer to in each periodic table box?

The number in the top left corner of the box is the atomic mass of the atom. The number in the bottom left corner is the number of protons in the atom. The letter in the middle of the box determines what element the atom is going to be. The number in the top right corner of the box whether atom is positively charged or negatively charged and how many particles make it positive or negative.

We used the simulation and previous notes to answer these questions, but I am still confused what makes an atom stable or unstable.

-CS

February 16, 2011

Today, we started class today by continuing working on this question:

In small groups, you will devise a plan on how to separate the following frozen mixture of sawdust, iron fillings, sand, and sugar.

Ever group discussed with there tables about how they are going to separate these.

Our group said that we would melt the ice cube in a glass container. The less dense material (wood) will be floating and we will scoop it out. Then we will use a magnet to attract the iron filling out of the water. Then we will pour the water, sand, and sugar mixture through a coffee filter and into a glass container so the sand and water/sugar is separated. After that, we will heat the water/sugar mixture. We predict that by doing this, the water will evaporate and the sugar would stay in the glass container.

After we came up our own experiments, we performed it. This experiment has to be done within the class period.

When performing our experiment, we were very careful when heating the water with dissolved sugar. Another group heated the water/sugar for too much and had the same outcomes as our sugar lab. I am not really sure about how to prevent this. Is there a certain temperature that sugar separates to carbon and water?

-AT 3rd Blog

Friday 18, 2011

Sorry but this blog is really late, this is supposed to be from Friday...

Today we came in and the first thing we did was to get goggles and an apron. We were going to start our experiment for our lab report.

So the first thing we did was to make sure we had everything. The materials we used were...

• Gauge
• Test Tube
• Test Tube Grabber
• 15-20ml of Sugar
• Saucer
• Saucer 2
• Matches
• Bunsin Burner

Before we did anything, as a class, we talked about the background information we got for our lab which was the homework from the night before. Some the the information was about John Dulton, atoms, particle motions, conservation of mass, decomposition, synthesis, states of matter, and sugar(C12H22O11).

Our experiment was to decompose 20ml of sugar. Our first step was to weigh all of the items that i listed above.

Our hypothesis was that sugar is made up of 2 things. Water and Carbon because sugar is C12H22O11. The C part is carbon and the H20 part is water. So our prediction was that if we were to evaporate the water by boiling the sugar, there should only be carbon left in the test tube. Also if conservation of mass were true, the test tube with sugar in it should weigh less than before the water was boiled out of it.

We were ready to experiment. First thing we did was to turn on the Bunsin Burner. We took a match and we put the flame over the bunsin burner, and it was on fire. Then we took the test tube with sugar in it, and used the test tube grabber to put it over the fire. In about a minute we already saw changes happening. At the bottom of the tube that was being heated the most, it seemed like the sugar was turning into a liquid. Moments later, the liquid turned into a yellow-ish color. The level of the sugar started rising to the top of the test tube as water was evaporating. It turned purple like black and there was water particles escaping and we trapped it with the saucer. As more water particles came, it turned back into water and dripped down. After we felt like there was no more water left, we turned off the bunsin burner and put the carbon filled test tube away.

Later in the day, we came back to see how the carbon was like. It was still black and hardened. We took paper towels, wrapped the test tube, and smashed it. The carbon came out looking like this.

That was it with our experiment, but now we have a whole lab report to write about this. We need background information, hypothesis, prediction, materials, experiment, analysis, and a conclusion. The lab report will be due sometime around next week. The test will be on Friday.

Y.E

First, we went over our homework. We learned that a physical change is when an object changes, but does not effect their chemical nature. An example of this is wood turning into a baseball bat. The next thing we went over is a chemical change which is when substances change into different substances. An example of this is burnind wood. Most of the time, chemical changes relate to rearangment of atoms. One more thing is that physical changes are reversable and chemical changes aren't. After that, we start to think about an experiment. We have to filter an ice cub to see all the materials in it. The materials are iorn, wood shavings, sugar, water, and sand(I'm not 100 percent sure on sand).For this specific experiment, my group decided to make an experiment we did in the 5th grade. We will put the cube in a transparent cup, and leave it alone for a while. After waiting for a day we should see the most dense materials on the bottom and the least dense materials on the top. We can just take each part out from top to bottom and we will have all the materials in seperate spaces. We also have our test on friday. Mr.Finley posted a study guide on the website and I highly recomend you check it out. Our lab report is also due friday.

PS I can't add an image because the "add picture" button was not working for my computer. If I were to add a picture, I would have shown a burning fire, and a glass with the least density on the top and the most dense on the bottom


MP

First in class, we went over our homework. The definition of a physical change is when an object changes but does not affect their chemical nature. Some examples of this is when wood becomes a baseball bat or melting ice. The definition of a chemical change is when substances change into different substances. An example of this are burning wood. We learned that typically, chemical changes relate to rearrangement of atoms. Another thing about physical and chemical changes is that physical changes are reversable, while chemical changes aren't. We also have a test on friday, so start studying. Mr. Finley posted a study guide on the website to help us and I highly recommend you check it out. After we went over homework, we discussed and experiment. We had to filter out an ice cube to see the materials inside. The materials are iorn, wood chips, sugar, water, and sand(im not 100 percent on sand). My group had the idea that if we put the materials in a cup, the less dense materials will go to the top, and the more dense will go to the bottom. Then, we can just take the materials out. Lastly, our lab reports are due on friday. So, I hope this will keep you up to date.

Thursday February 10th

We continued discussion of the topic from the end of class yesterday. About how the number of atoms of each type must equal out on each side of the equation.

For example: H2+O2 yields H2O had to be changed to 2H2+O2 yields 2H2O

The three methods we learned to solve these types of problems are using pictures, writing the numbers of each element, and using ratios. The first two are the easiest methods to use.

I cannot create the picture method here but ill show the other ones.

H2+O2 yields H2o 1.to start write the number of each type of atom for each side

H=2 H=2 2. you can see that there is a different number of oxygens on

O=2 O=1 each side. To correct this you need to add more molecules.

H2+O2 yields 2H2O 3. Now the oxygens are equal but the hydrogens are different. To

H=2 H=4 correct this you need another Hydrogen molecule.

O=2 O=2

2H2+O2 yields 2H2O 4. This is you final answer.

A major part of this is that you cannot have fractions such as H1/2 because half of H would become a different element.

All of this has to do with conservation of mass. There must be and equal number of each type on each side otherwise something has gone wrong. Imagine you have just finished chocolate chip cookies. You put them in the oven and when you come back later the chocolate chips are gone. You absolutely know that you put the chocolate chips in the cookies so you start to freak out because this is impossible.

That is basically what we are dealing with when we do these problems. The mass must stay the same. Nothing can just vanish.

Tomorrow we are starting to work with Bunsen burners. We will deal with the type of chemical reaction called decomposition.

-JP

Feb 7, 2011

We started by recreating the concept map on the smart board. We had to connect the terms particle, atom, molecule, ion, proton, nuetron, isotope, electron, and element. We gave the connections and answers and Fin drew it. He also talked about how the mass of an atom came from the protons and neutrons, but not the electrons. For extra credit: look up the mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Then compare them. He put a piece of paper in a box with two chimneys and let the paper smolder. He told us to figure out which chimney the smoke would go through. He did the same thing again but he put a lit candle underneath the other chimney and told us to figure out which chimney the smoke would go up now. The only hint he gave us was that the box was called a convection chamber. The candle heated up the air making it less dense and it rose up. The smoke rushed to the empty space and was heated up by the candle and it rose out Chimney A instead of Chimney B.

G Stum

Today in class we reviewed the homework," More Matter...it matters". We discussed what experiments could be performed to see if heat can be added or removed from a system. Someone said we should measure a closed container of water's weight and place it on a stove and see if the weight increased.

In class, we performed a similar experiment. We lit a blade of metal. The metal weighed 7.9 grams before we lit it. After it was lit, the weight remained the same. This disproved Elmar's idea of heat which was it can be added or removed from a object.

By doing this experiment, we learned:

*Heat isn't a physical, if it was metal would've gotten heavier.*

*Heat is a process,it's the movement of particles.*

We defined conduction by stating it was the transfer of energy by touching. (particle to particle)

We defined convection by stating that it was the transfer of energy through fluids(ex.water,air,play-doh, jello,etc.)

Fluids- are not state, it's a classified combination of liquid or gas.

Mr.Finley asked us why the goo in the lava lamp moves?

Our answer was that the goo was heated up by the energy source.(light).

The exact process on how a lava lamp really works is :

energy source shoots out light waves ~ waves hit particles, particles move faster ~ particles spread out ~ substance expands ~ substance is less dense(particles are spread out in it),so it floats ~ floats to the top ~ substance is further away from energy source ~ energy (particles) transferred to environment which means substance has less energy ~ particles are moving slower ~ particles condense,(denser) so sink to bottom ~ cycle starts again because goo is closer to the energy source (light) again

AR (3rd)

Today we started with checking the home work. Then Mr. Finley went over what we did on Teusday. We went over how scientists said that when they rubbed their hands together they were leaking phlagastun (flag-a-stun). Then they called it heat. We went over how the scientists tried to find out how heat works. They came up with some crazy ideas like how they were swimming in a liquid of heat and other ideas. Then Fin started complaining about how people misuse the word "heat" in our language like how people ask each other to turn up the heat. Then he asked a lot of people to stand in a line and hold each other's hands. Then he explained how the people are particles in a spoon and Finley was the soup. Then, he explained how the particles moved around. Everyone in the line shook their arms to show movement. DB pointed out that the people model shows that energy travels in waves. Then we talked about energy waves and about solar flares. Then Fin asked what would a star's radiation affect? We said that it would shut down all sorts of technology like cell phones and satelites. Then we had a quick talk about pop-tarts, hotpockets and peeps and how they explode. Then we talked about the radiation of heat in a micrwave and how it's bad to watch things heat up in the microwave. Then he talked about how radiation affects the body by giving you sunburn. Then he talked about how we dropped aan atomic bomb in WWII that has radiatioin. Then Fin said that even though a bomb was dropped 100 miles from a house far they would still be affected because the radiation travels in waves and travels far. Then he showed us a simulation on PhEt and that if he increased the amount of waves, the faster the particles moved. Then he asked the groups to duscuss how the microwave worked on PhEt simulation. Then he asked the groups to discuss how a thermomiter works. We then quikly went over how it works. Then it was time to go.

WR

February 1, 2011 - Different Types of Heating

Today, we went over homework and took the science quiz scheduled for yesterday. The homework was to find 3 types of heating. Here are the three types:

• Convection
• Conduction
• Radiation

Convection is the transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid. An example of this is a hot coffee cup. Heat leaves the coffee cup as the currents of steam and air rise. Another example is that convection is responsible for making macaroni rise and fall in a pot of heated water.

Conduction is the transfer through matter from particle to particle. Conduction is most effective in solids, but it may occur in fluids. An example of conduction is a spoon in some hot soup. The spoon becomes warmer becomes warmer because the heat is conducted along

the spoon. Another example of conduction is when you touch metal. When you touch a metal spoon, it usually feels colder than you. The metal spoon is not colder though. It only feels colder because it conducts heat away from your hand.

Radiation is electromagnetic waves that transport energy directly through space. An example of radiation is sunlight. Sunlight moves directly through space to Earth, without help from any fluids or solids. Another example of radiation is a light bulb. The closer your hand gets to the light bulb the warmer it feels. The light bulb is emitting heat without any help from fluids or solids, like sunlight.

After we reviewed this, took our density quiz.

- J. L. (Third Blog Post)